Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER CONNECT Edition
Whats New in HAMMER CONNECT Edition?
CONNECT Licensing
Using the Feature Level Selector Tool
Starting Bentley HAMMER
Working with HAMMER Files
Opening Older (.mdb) Files
Exiting HAMMER
CONNECT Services in HAMMER CONNECT
CONNECT Integration
Assign Project dialog
To Associate a CONNECTED Project with Your File
To Disassociate a CONNECTED Project from a File
To Register a CONNECTED Project
Register a CONNECTED Project
Be Communities Search Button
RSS Feeds
Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT
Application Window Layout (MicroStation and ArcGIS Only)
Standard Toolbar
Edit Toolbar
Analysis Toolbar
Scenarios Toolbar
Compute Toolbar
View Toolbar
Help Toolbar
Text Styles
Tools Toolbar
Zoom Toolbar
Customizing Toolbars and Buttons
WaterObjects Help for Model Users
Understanding the Workspace
Stand-Alone
Ribbon Interface - Getting Started
The Drawing View
Panning
Zooming
Zoom Dependent Visibility
Drawing Style
Using Aerial View
Using Background Layers
Image Properties
Shapefile Properties
DXF Properties
Bing Map Properties
Bing Map Key
Show Flow Arrows (Stand-Alone)
MicroStation Environment
Getting Started in the MicroStation environment
MicroStation Mode Graphical Layout
MicroStation Hydraulic Model Files
Saving Your Hydraulic Model in MicroStation
Bentley HAMMER Element Properties
Element Properties
Element Levels Dialog
Text Styles
View Associations (MicroStation Only)
Working with Elements
Edit Elements
Deleting Elements
Modifying Elements
Context Menu
Working with Elements Using MicroStation Commands
Bentley HAMMER Custom MicroStation Entities
MicroStation Commands
Moving Elements
Moving Element Labels
Snap Menu
Background Files
Import Hydraulic Model
Multiple models
Annotation Display
Native Format Contours
Working in AutoCAD Mode
The AutoCAD Workspace
AutoCAD Integration with HAMMER
Getting Started within AutoCAD
Menus
Drawing Setup
Symbol Visibility
AutoCAD Hydraulic Model Files
Drawing Synchronization
Saving the Drawing as Drawing*.dwg
Working with Elements Using AutoCAD Commands
HAMMER Custom AutoCAD Entities
Explode Elements
Moving Elements
Moving Element Labels
Snap Menu
Polygon Element Visibility
Contour Labeling
Creating Models
Starting a Hydraulic Model
HAMMER Hydraulic Models
Setting Hydraulic Model Properties
Setting Options
Options Dialog Box - Global Tab
Stored Prompt Responses Dialog Box
Options Dialog Box - Hydraulic Model Tab
Options Dialog Box - Drawing Tab
Options Dialog Box - Units Tab
Options Dialog Box - Labeling Tab
Options Dialog Box - ProjectWise Tab
Options Dialog Box - Engine Tab
Working with ProjectWise
Setting Up ProjectWise Integration
About ProjectWise Geospatial
Maintaining Hydraulic Model Geometry
Setting the Hydraulic Model Spatial Reference System
Interaction with ProjectWise Explorer
ProjectWise Cross-Discipline Coordination Services Support
Elements and Element Attributes
Pipes
Minor Losses Dialog Box
Minor Loss Coefficients Dialog Box
Wave Speed Calculator
Lateral Links
Junctions
Demand Collection Dialog Box
Unit Demand Collection Dialog Box
Export
Hydrants
Hydrant Flow Curve Manager
Hydrant Flow Curve Editor
Hydrant Lateral Loss
Tanks
Reservoirs
Customer Meter Elements
External Customer Meter Data Setup
Taps
Pumps
Pump Definitions Dialog Box
Efficiency Points Table
Pump Curve Dialog Box
Flow-Efficiency Curve Dialog Box
Speed-Efficiency Curve Dialog Box
Pump and Motor Inertia Calculator
Pump Fundamentals
Pump Inertia
Specific Speed
First-Quadrant and Four-Quadrant Representations
Variable-Speed Pumps (VSP or VFD)
Pump Curve Display
Pump Curve Combinations
Pump Curve Combination Editor
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
Variable Speed Pump Battery
Pump Stations
Pumps Dialog Box
Polygon Vertices Dialog Box
SCADA Elements
Valves
Defining Valve Characteristics
Valve Characteristics Dialog Box
Valve Characteristic Curve Dialog Box
General Note About Loss Coefficients on Valves
Modulating Control Valve
Spot Elevations
Turbines
Impulse Turbine
Reaction Turbines
Modeling Hydraulic Transients in Hydropower Plants
Turbine Parameters in HAMMER CONNECT
Turbine Curve Dialog Box
Turbines in Steady and EPS Models
Periodic Head-Flow Elements
Periodic Head-Flow Pattern Dialog Box
Air Valves
Determining the Type of Air Valve to Use
Air Flow Curves Dialog Box
Air Flow-Pressure Curve
Air Valves in WaterGEMS and WaterCAD
Air Valves in HAMMER
Transient Air Valve Results
Hydropneumatic Tanks
Initial Conditions Attributes
Gas Law vs. Constant Area Approximation
Transient Simulation Attributes
Tracking the Air-Liquid Interface
Variable Elevation Curve Dialog Box
Surge Valves
Check Valves
Rupture Disks
Discharge to Atmosphere Elements
Orifice Between Pipes Elements
Valve with Linear Area Change Elements
Surge Tanks
Protective Equipment Reference
Other Tools
Border Tool
Text Tool
Line Tool
Pump and Turbine Characteristics in HAMMER
How The Pressure Engine Loads HAMMER Elements
Adding Elements to Your Model
Manipulating Elements
Select, Move, and Delete Elements
Splitting Pipes
Reconnect Pipes
Modeling Curved Pipes
Assign Isolation Valves to Pipes Dialog Box
Assign Taps to Links Dialog Box
Batch Pipe Split Dialog Box
Batch Pipe Split Workflow
Batch Morph
Merge Nodes in Close Proximity
Select Adjacent Links
Editing Element Attributes
Property Editor
Labeling Elements
Relabeling Elements
Set Field Options Dialog Box
Date/Time Formats
Using Named Views
Using Selection Sets
Selection Sets Manager
Selection By Query Dialog Box
Group-Level Operations on Selection Sets
Creating a Selection Set from a Selection
Adding Elements to a Selection Set
Removing Elements from a Selection Set
Using the Network Navigator
Using the Duplicate Labels Query
Using the Pressure Zone Manager
Pressure Zone Export Dialog Box
Pressure Zone Flow Balance Tool Dialog Box
Using Prototypes
Creating Prototypes
Zones
Engineering Libraries
Working with Engineering Libraries
Transient Valve Curve Editor
Transient Pump Curve
Transient Turbine Curve
Valve Relative Closure Curve Editor
Hyperlinks
Add Hyperlink
Edit Hyperlink
Using Queries
Queries Manager
Query Parameters Dialog Box
Creating Queries
Using the Like Operator
User Data Extensions
User Data Extensions Dialog Box
Sharing User Data Extensions Among Element Types
Shared Field Specification Dialog Box
Enumeration Editor Dialog Box
User Data Extensions Import Dialog Box
Formula Dialog Box
Property Grid Customizations Manager
Customization Editor Dialog Box
Tooltip Customization
Tooltip Customization Editor
i-Models
Publishing an i-model
Publish to Map Mobile i-model
Viewing an i-model
Change Log
Change Log Table
Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data
Preparing to Use ModelBuilder
ModelBuilder Connections Manager
Specify Datasource Location
Microsoft Access Database Engine Version
Selection Set Export
Select Elements
ModelBuilder Wizard
Step 1-Specify Data Source
Step 2-Specify Spatial Options
Step 3-Specify Element Create/Remove/Update Options
Step 4-Additional Options
Step 5-Specify Field mappings for each Table/Feature Class
Step 6 - Specify Snapshot Settings
Step 7 - Build operation Confirmation
Reviewing Your Results
Multi-select Data Source Types
ModelBuilder Warnings and Error Messages
ModelBuilder Error Messages
Warnings
ESRI ArcGIS Geodatabase Support
Geodatabase Features
Geometric Networks
ArcGIS Geodatabase Features versus ArcGIS Geometric Network
Subtypes
SDE (Spatial Database Engine)
Specifying Network Connectivity in ModelBuilder
Sample Spreadsheet Data Source
GIS-IDs
GIS-IDs Collection Dialog Box
GIS-ID Control Center
GIS-ID Control Center for Deleted Elements
Specifying a SQL WHERE clause in ModelBuilder
Modelbuilder Import Procedures
Importing Pump Definitions Using ModelBuilder
Using ModelBuilder to Import Pump Curves
Using ModelBuilder to Import Patterns
Using ModelBuilder to Import Time Series Data
Oracle as a Data Source for ModelBuilder
Oracle/ArcSDE Behavior
Using ModelBuilder Snapshots to Update Models for Model Maintenance
Creating Data Source Snapshots in ModelBuilder
Creating an Updated Model Using Snapshots
ModelBuilder Batch Import
Applying Elevation Data with TRex
The Importance of Accurate Elevation Data
Numerical Value of Elevation
Accuracy and Precision
Obtaining Elevation Data
Record Types
Calibration Nodes
TRex Terrain Extractor
TRex Wizard
Completing the TRex Wizard
TRex Supported Terrain Models
Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder
Using GIS for Demand Allocation
Allocation
Billing Meter Aggregation
Distribution
Projection
Using LoadBuilder to Assign Loading Data
LoadBuilder Manager
LoadBuilder Wizard
Step 1: Load Method to Use
Step 2: Input Data
Step 3: Calculation Summary
Step 4: Results Preview
Step 5: Completing the LoadBuilder Wizard
LoadBuilder Run Summary
Unit Line Method
Generating Thiessen Polygons
Thiessen Polygon Input Dialog Box
Creating Boundary Polygon Feature Classes
Demand Control Center
Apply Demand and Pattern to Selection Dialog Box
Unit Demands Dialog Box
Unit Demand Control Center
Pressure Dependent Demands
Piecewise Linear Dialog Box
Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator
Skeletonization
Skeletonization Example
Common Automated Skeletonization Techniques
Generic—Data Scrubbing
Generic—Branch Trimming
Generic—Series Pipe Removal
Skeletonization Using Skelebrator
Skelebrator-Smart Pipe Removal
Skelebrator-Branch Collapsing
Skelebrator-Series Pipe Merging
Skelebrator-Parallel Pipe Merging
Skelebrator-Inline Isolation Valve Replacement
Skelebrator-Other Skelebrator Features
Skelebrator-Conclusion
Using the Skelebrator Software
Skeletonization
Batch Run
Protected Elements Manager
Manual Skeletonization
Branch Collapsing Operations
Parallel Pipe Merging Operations
Series Pipe Merging Operations
Smart Pipe Removal Operations
Inline Isolating Valve Replacement
Conditions and Tolerances
Pipe Conditions and Tolerances
Junction Conditions and Tolerances
Skelebrator Progress Summary Dialog Box
Backing Up Your Model
Skeletonization and Scenarios
Importing and Exporting Skelebrator Settings
Skeletonization and Active Topology
Scenarios and Alternatives
Understanding Scenarios and Alternatives
Advantages of Automated Scenario Management
A History of What-If Analyses
Distributed Scenarios
Self-Contained Scenarios
Scenario Cycle
Scenario Attributes and Alternatives
A Familiar Parallel
Inheritance
Overriding Inheritance
Dynamic Inheritance
Local and Inherited Values
Minimizing Effort through Attribute Inheritance
Minimizing Effort through Scenario Inheritance
Scenario Example - A Water Distribution System
Building the Model (Average Day Conditions)
Analyzing Different Demands (Maximum Day Conditions)
Another Set of Demands (Peak Hour Conditions)
Correcting an Error
Analyzing Improvement Suggestions
Finalizing the Hydraulic Model
Scenarios
Scenarios Manager
Base and Child Scenarios
Creating Scenarios
Editing Scenarios
Running Multiple Scenarios at Once (Batch Runs)
Batch Run Editor Dialog Box
Alternatives
Alternatives Manager
Alternative Editor Dialog Box
Base and Child Alternatives
Creating Alternatives
Editing Alternatives
Active Topology Alternative
Physical Alternative
Demand Alternatives
Initial Settings Alternative
Operational Alternative
Age Alternative
Constituent Alternatives
Constituents Manager Dialog Box
Trace Alternative
Fire Flow Alternative
Filter Dialog Box
Energy Cost Alternative
Pressure Dependent Demand Alternative
Transient Alternative
Failure History Alternative
User Data Extensions Alternative
SCADA Alternative
Scenario Comparison
Scenario Comparison Options Dialog Box
Scenario Comparison Collection Dialog Box
Modeling Capabilities
Model and Optimize a Distribution System
Steady-State/Extended Period Simulation
Steady-State Simulation
Extended Period Simulation
Time Browser
Time Browser Options
Steady State Run
Calculate Network
Global Demand and Roughness Adjustments
Check Data and Validate
User Notifications
Using the Totalizing Flow Meter
Totalizing Flow Meters Manager Dialog
Totalizing Flow Meter Editor Dialog
System Head Curves
System Head Curves in Closed Systems
System Head Curves Manager Dialog
System Head Curves Editor Dialog
Post Calculation Processor
Flow Emitters
Parallel VSPs
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Results
Fire Flow Results Browser
Not Getting Fire Flow at a Junction Node
EPS Fire Flow Analysis Tool
Water Quality Analysis
Age Analysis
Constituent Analysis
Trace Analysis
Modeling for IDSE Compliance
Water Quality Batch Run
Select Alternatives to Analyze Dialog Box
Graph Element Selection Dialog Box
Graph Viewer Dialog Box
Animation Options Dialog Box
Statistics Table Dialog Box
Multi-Species Water Quality Analysis
Multi-Species Analysis Setup
Multi-species Model Configuration
Criticality Analysis
Outage Segments
Running Criticality Analysis
Understanding shortfalls
Criticality Results
Segmentation
Segmentation Results
Outage Segment Results
Calculation Options
Controlling Results Output
Report Points Collection Dialog Box
Flow Tolerance
Determining the Transient Run Duration
Convergence Improvements for Control Valves
Vapor Pressure
Selecting the Transient Friction Method
Engine Compatibility Calculation Option
Patterns
Pattern Manager
Pattern Curve Dialog Box
Controls
Controls Tab
Select Condition Dialog Box
Select Action Dialog Box
Conditions Tab
Actions Tab
Control Wizard
Control Sets Editor Dialog Box
Active Topology
Active Topology Selection Dialog Box
External Tools
Hydraulic Transient Pressure Analysis
Rigid-Column Simulation
Data Requirements and Boundary Conditions
Analysis of Transient Forces
Infrastructure and Risk Management
Water Column Separation and Vapor Pockets
Global Adjustment to Vapor Pressure
Global Adjustment to Pipe Elevations
Global Adjustment to Wave Speed
Check Run
Numerical Model Calibration and Validation
Gathering Field Measurements
Timing and Shape of Transient Pressure Pulses
Steady State Run
Copy Initial Conditions Dialog Box
Selection of the Time Step
SCADAConnect Overview
SCADA Element
SCADA Signals Setup
SCADA Signals - Database Source
Database Connection
Units in SCADAConnect Datasource
SCADA Signal Mapping
SCADA Signals - OPC
SCADA Signals - Citect
Select Signals
Viewing SCADA Data in Model
Time Tolerance
Refresh and Auto Refresh
Importing Initial Conditions with SCADAConnect
Initial Setting Import Dialog
Loading Darwin Calibrator from SCADA Data
Alarms
Alerts
SCADAConnect Simulator
Control Overrides in SCADAConnect Simulator
Demand Adjustments - SCADAConnect Simulator
Fire Response, Pipe Break and Shutdowns, and Control Overrides
SCADAConnect Simulator - Pipe Shutdowns
SCADAConnect Simulator - Power Outages
Isolating a Pipe in SCADAConnect Simulator
Displaying Model Results in SCADA Human Machine Interface (HMI)-Overview
SCADAConnect Results Publishing Dialog
SCADA Log
SCADA Signals Dialog
SCADAConnect Toolbar
Historical OPC Source Dialog
Real-time OPC Source Dialog
Citech Connection Dialog
Flushing Simulation
Type of Flushing
Starting Model
Specifying hydrant flows
Flushing Manager
Flushing Terminology
Flushing Work Flow
Starting Flushing Manager
Flushing Area Options
Boundary Valves
Flushing Event Creation
Flushing Manager Toolbar Buttons
Flushing Results Browser
Flushing Area Report (Flex Table)
Flushing Options Dialog
Flushing Notifications
Flushing Operator's Report
Report Layout
Flushing Emitter Coefficients
Flushing Area Summary Table
Modeling Tips
Modeling a Hydropneumatic Tank
Modeling a Pumped Groundwater Well
Modeling Parallel Pipes
Modeling Pumps in Parallel and Series
Modeling Hydraulically Close Tanks
Modeling Fire Hydrants
Modeling a Connection to an Existing Water Main
Top Feed/Bottom Gravity Discharge Tank
Estimating Hydrant Discharge Using Flow Emitters
Modeling Variable Speed Pumps
Types of Variable Speed Pumps
Pattern Based
Target Head
Fixed Head
Controls with Fixed Head Operation
Parallel VSPs
VSP Controlled by Discharge Side Tank
VSP Controlled by Suction Side Tank
Fixed Flow VSP
Resolving ‘Unbalanced Network’ Errors
Pipe Renewal Planner
Hydraulic Risk
Aspects Dialog Box
Pipe Break Analysis
Pipe Break Group Dialog Box
Pick A Selection Set Dialog Box
Pipe Break - Leak Size
Presenting Your Results
Extended Node Data
Annotating Your Model
Using Folders in the Element Symbology Manager
Annotation Properties
Free Form Annotation Dialog Box
Symbology Definitions Manager
Color Coding Your Model
Color Coding Legends
Contours
Contour Definition
Contour Plot
Contour Browser Dialog Box
Enhanced Pressure Contours
Using Profiles
Profile Setup
Profile Series Options Dialog Box
Profile Viewer Dialog Box
Viewing and Editing Data in FlexTables
FlexTables Manager
Working with FlexTable Folders
FlexTable Dialog Box
Opening FlexTables
Creating a New FlexTable
Deleting FlexTables
Naming and Renaming FlexTables
Editing FlexTables
Sorting and Filtering FlexTable Data
Filtering FlexTable Data
Sorting FlexTable Rows
Custom Sort Dialog Box
Sorting FlexTables by Network Order
Customizing Your FlexTable
Element Relabeling Dialog
FlexTable Setup Dialog Box
Copying, Exporting, and Printing FlexTable Data
Statistics Dialog Box
Using Sparklines
Sparkline Settings
Export to Excel
Reporting
Using Standard Reports
Reports for Individual Elements
Creating a Scenario Summary Report
Creating a Hydraulic Model Inventory Report
Creating a Pressure Pipe Inventory Report
Report Options
Results Table Dialog Box
Custom Reports
Custom Reports - HAMMER Transient Results
Graphing
Graph Manager
Add to Graph Dialog Box
Printing a Graph
Working with Graph Data: Viewing and Copying
Graph Dialog Box
Graph Series Options Dialog Box
Observed Data Dialog Box
Sample Observed Data Source
Chart Options Dialog Box
Chart Options Dialog Box - Chart Tab
Panel Tab
General Tab
Paging Tab
Legend Tab
3D Tab
Chart Options Dialog Box - Series Tab
Format Tab
Point Tab
General Tab
Data Source Tab
Marks Tab
Chart Options Dialog Box - Tools Tab
Chart Options Dialog Box - Export Tab
Chart Options Dialog Box - Print Tab
Border Editor Dialog Box
Gradient Editor Dialog Box
Color Editor Dialog Box
Color Dialog Box
Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box - Solid Tab
Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box - Hatch Tab
Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box - Gradient Tab
Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box - Image Tab
Pointer Dialog Box
Change Series Title Dialog Box
Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box
Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box - Series Tab
Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box - Axis Tab
Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box - Other Tab
TeeChart Gallery Dialog Box
Series
Functions
Customizing a Graph
Quick Graph
Y-Axis Limits
Time Series Field Data
Select Associated Modeling Attribute Dialog Box
Calculation Summary
Calculation Summary Graph Series Options Dialog Box
Transients Results Viewer Dialog
Profiles Tab
Transient Profile Viewer Dialog Box
Transient Profile Viewer Options Dialog Box
Time Histories Tab
Extended Node Data
Transient Results Graph Viewer Dialog Box
Results Table Dialog Box
Print Preview Window
Print Preparation
Transient Thematic Viewer
Transient Time Step Options Dialog Box
Transient Calculation Summary
Importing and Exporting Data
Moving Data and Images Between Model(s) and other Files
Importing a HAMMER Database
Importing and Exporting EPANET Files
Importing and Exporting Submodel Files
Exporting a Submodel
Exporting a DXF File
File Upgrade Wizard
Export to Shapefile
Technical Reference
Pressure Network Hydraulics
Network Hydraulics Theory
The Energy Principle
The Energy Equation
Hydraulic and Energy Grades
Conservation of Mass and Energy
The Gradient Algorithm
Derivation of the Gradient Algorithm
The Linear System Equation Solver
Pump Theory
Valve Theory
Check Values (CVs)
Flow Control Valves (FCVs)
Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs)
Pressure Sustaining Valves (PSVs)
Pressure Breaker Valves (PBVs)
Throttle Control Valves (TCVs)
General Purpose Valves (GPVs)
Friction and Minor Loss Methods
Chezy’s Equation
Colebrook-White Equation
Hazen-Williams Equation
Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Swamee and Jain Equation
Manning’s Equation
Minor Losses
Water Quality Theory
Advective Transport in Pipes
Mixing at Pipe Junctions
Mixing in Storage Facilities
Bulk Flow Reactions
Pipe Wall Reactions
System of Equations
Lagrangian Transport Algorithm
Genetic Algorithms Methodology
Darwin Calibrator Methodology
Calibration Formulation
Calibration Objectives
Calibration Constraints
Genetic Algorithm Optimized Calibration
Darwin Designer Methodology
Model Level 1: Least Cost Optimization
Model Level 2: Maximum Benefit Optimization
Model Level 3: Cost-Benefit Trade-off Optimization
Design Variables
Cost Objective Functions
New Pipe Cost
Rehabilitation Pipe Cost
Benefit Functions
Pressure Benefits
Design Constraints
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm Optimized Design
Competent Genetic Algorithms
Energy Cost Theory
Pump Powers, Efficiencies, and Energy
Water Power
Brake Power and Pump Efficiency
Motor Power and Motor Efficiency
Energy
Cost
Storage Considerations
Daily Cost Equivalents
VSP Interactions with Simple and Logical Controls
Performing Advanced Analyses
Hydraulic Equivalency Theory
Principles
Hazen-Williams Equation
Manning’s Equation
Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Check Valves
Minor Losses
Numerical Check
Thiessen Polygon Generation Theory
Naïve Method
Plane Sweep Method
Method for Modeling Pressure Dependent Demand
Use Cases
Supply Level Evaluation
Pressure Dependent Demand
Demand Deficit
Solution Methodology
Modified GGA Solution
Direct GGA Solution
References
Engineer’s Reference
Roughness Values-Manning's Equation
Roughness Values-Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White)
Roughness Values-Hazen-Williams Equation
Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes
Fitting Loss Coefficients
Menus
File Menu
Edit Menu
Analysis Menu
Components Menu
View Menu
Tools Menu
Report Menu
Bentley Cloud Services Menu
Help Menu
Element Properties Reference
Edit Element Properties
Pipe Attributes
Junction Attributes
Hydrant Attributes
Tank Attributes
Reservoir Attributes
Periodic Head-Flow Attributes
Pump Attributes
Pump Station Attributes
Variable Speed Pump Battery Attributes
Turbine Attributes
Valve Attributes
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Attributes
Pressure Breaker Valve (PBV) Attributes
Flow Control Vale (FCV) Attributes
Throttle Control Valve (TCV) Attributes
General Purpose Valve (GPV) Attributes
Valve With Linear Area Change Attributes
Check Valve Attributes
Orifice Between Pipes Attributes
Discharge To Atmosphere Attributes
Surge Tank Attributes
Hydropneumatic Tank Attributes
Air Valve Attributes
Surge Valve Attributes
Rupture Disk Attributes
Isolation Valve Attributes
Spot Elevation Attributes
Technical Information Resources
docs.bentley.com
Bentley Services
Bentley Discussion Groups
Bentley on the Web
TechNotes/Frequently Asked Questions
BE Magazine
BE Newsletter
Client Server
BE Careers Network
Contact Bentley Systems
Save to Package
Bentley HAMMER Theory and Practice
Acknowledgements
Overview of Hydraulic Transients
History of Solution Methods
Causes of Transient Initiation
Impacts of Transients
Design of Protective Equipment
Hydraulic Transient Theory
Conservation of Energy
Governing Equations for Steady-State Flow
Conservation of Mass and Energy
Governing Equations for Unsteady (or Transient) Flow
Continuity Equation for Unsteady Flow
Momentum Equation for Unsteady Flow
Method of Characteristics (MOC)
Rigid Column Theory
Rigid Column versus Elastic Theory
Elastic Theory
Water System Characteristics
Celerity and Pipe Elasticity
Wave Propagation and Characteristic Time
Wave Reflection and Transmission in Pipelines
Types of Networks and Pumping Systems
Putting It All Together
Valve Theory
Valve Selection and Sizing Considerations
Typical Valve Bodies and Pistons
Closing Characteristics of Valves
Flow-Decreasing Characteristics
Air Valve Theory
Extended CAV Method
Transient Analysis Friction Methods
Steady Friction
Quasi-Steady Friction
Unsteady or Transient Friction
Cavitation
Time Step and Computational Reach Length
Turbine Simulation in HAMMER
Four-quadrant Characteristics of Turbomachinery
Numerical Representation of Hydroelectric Turbines
Transient Forces
Developing a Surge-Control Strategy
Piping System Design and Layout
Protection Devices
Approaches to Surge Protection
System-Improvement Method
Flow-Supplement Approach
Two-Way Surge Tank
One-Way Surge Tank
Gas Vessel or Air Chamber
Increase of Inertia
Pump Protection
Check Valve
Booster Pump Bypass
Surge-Relief Valves
Operation and Maintenance
Fitting Loss Coefficients
Properties of Common Liquids
References